Química > Eletroquímica > Série eletroquímica ( potenciais de redução)

 

Quanto maior o número, maior a vontade. Veja por exemplo o flúor, que possui 7 elétrons na última camada e portanto quer mais um pra completar o octeto, cujo potencial de redução é +2,87 V (é o último da lista).

É interessante notar que estes são medidos em volts, e portanto significam o mesmo que as voltagens estudas na física. Aqui na eletroquímica essas ideias se unem.

Elementos como o Ca, que possui 2 elétrons na camada de valência e portanto quer se livrar deles para ter um octeto, tem o potencial -3,8 V. É importante notar que ele não pode jogar fora o elétron. É necessário que haja reação com outra substância, que leve esse elétron. Ou seja, essas meias reações não podem acontecer sozinhas, mas são úteis para se entender o que ocorre com cada elemento participante.

Para uma bateria interessa combinar um metal que quer receber com outro que quer dar elétrons, para que a coisa flua...

 

Dados da Wikipedia

Element	Meia-reação			E° (V)	Ref.
	Oxidant	⇌	Reductant
Sr	Sr+ +  e−	⇌	Sr(s)	−4.101	[1]
Ca	Ca+ +  e−	⇌	Ca(s)	−3.8	[1]
Li	Li+ +  e−	⇌	Li(s)	−3.0401	[3][4]
Cs	Cs+ +  e−	⇌	Cs(s)	−3.026	[3]
Ca	Ca(OH) 2 + 2 e−	⇌	Ca(s) + 2 OH−	−3.02	[1]
Er	Er3+ +  e−	⇌	Er2+	−3.0	[1]
Rb	Rb+ +  e−	⇌	Rb(s)	−2.98	[3]
K	K+ +  e−	⇌	K(s)	−2.931	[3]
Ba	Ba2+ + 2 e−	⇌	Ba(s)	−2.912	[3]
Fr	Fr+ +  e−	⇌	Fr(s)	−2.9	[1]
Sr	Sr2+ + 2 e−	⇌	Sr(s)	−2.899	[3]
Ca	Ca2+ + 2 e−	⇌	Ca(s)	−2.868	[3][4]
Li	Li+ + C 6(s) +  e−	⇌	LiC 6(s)	−2.84	[3]
Ra	Ra2+ + 2 e−	⇌	Ra(s)	−2.8	[3]
Yb	Yb2+ + 2 e−	⇌	Yb(s)	−2.76	[1]
Na	Na+ +  e−	⇌	Na(s)	−2.71	[3][5]
Mg	Mg+ +  e−	⇌	Mg(s)	−2.70	[1]
Nd	Nd3+ +  e−	⇌	Nd2+	−2.7	[1]
Be	Be 2O2− 3 + 3 H 2O + 4 e−	⇌	2 Be(s) + 6  OH−	−2.63	[1]
Tm	Tm2+ + 2 e−	⇌	Tm(s)	−2.4	[1]
La	La3+ + 3 e−	⇌	La(s)	−2.379	[3]
Y	Y3+ + 3 e−	⇌	Y(s)	−2.372	[3]
Mg	Mg2+ + 2 e−	⇌	Mg(s)	−2.372	[3]
Zr	ZrO(OH) 2(s) + H 2O + 4 e−	⇌	Zr(s) + 4  OH−	−2.36	[3]
Ce	Ce3+ + 3 e−	⇌	Ce(s)	−2.336	[1]
Al	H 2AlO− 3 + H 2O + 3 e−	⇌	Al(s) + 4  OH−	−2.33	[1]
Nd	Nd3+ + 3 e−	⇌	Nd(s)	−2.323	[1]
Tm	Tm3+ + 3 e−	⇌	Tm(s)	−2.319	[1]
Al	Al(OH) 3(s) + 3 e−	⇌	Al(s) + 3  OH−	−2.31
Sm	Sm3+ + 3 e−	⇌	Sm(s)	−2.304	[1]
Fm	Fm2+ + 2 e−	⇌	Fm	−2.30	[1]
Am	Am3+ +  e−	⇌	Am2+	−2.3	[1]
Gd	Gd3+ + 3 e−	⇌	Gd(s)	−2.279	[1]
H	H 2(g) + 2 e−	⇌	2 H−	−2.23	[1]
Sc	Sc3+ + 3 e−	⇌	Sc(s)	−2.077	[6]
Al	AlF3− 6 + 3 e−	⇌	Al(s) + 6 F−	−2.069	[1]
Am	Am3+ + 3 e−	⇌	Am(s)	−2.048	[1]
Cm	Cm3+ + 3 e−	⇌	Cm(s)	−2.04	[1]
Pu	Pu3+ + 3 e−	⇌	Pu(s)	−2.031	[1]
Am	Am2+ + 2 e−	⇌	Am(s)	−1.9	[1]
Th	Th4+ + 4 e−	⇌	Th(s)	−1.899	[1]
Fm	Fm3+ + 3 e−	⇌	Fm	−1.89	[1]
Np	Np3+ + 3 e−	⇌	Np(s)	−1.856	[1]
Be	Be2+ + 2 e−	⇌	Be(s)	−1.847	[1]
P	H 2PO− 2 +  e−	⇌	P(s) + 2  OH−	−1.82	[1]
U	U3+ + 3 e−	⇌	U(s)	−1.798	[1]
Sr	Sr2+ + 2 e−	⇌	Sr(Hg)	−1.793	[1]
B	H 2BO− 3 + H 2O + 3 e−	⇌	B(s) + 4  OH−	−1.79	[1]
Th	ThO 2 + 4  H+ + 4 e−	⇌	Th(s) + 2 H 2O	−1.789	[1]
Hf	HfO2+ + 2  H+ + 4 e−	⇌	Hf(s) + H 2O	−1.724	[1]
P	HPO2− 3 + 2 H 2O + 3 e−	⇌	P(s) + 5  OH−	−1.71	[1]
Si	SiO2− 3 + H 2O + 4 e−	⇌	Si(s) + 6  OH−	−1.697	[1]
Al	Al3+ + 3 e−	⇌	Al(s)	−1.662	[1]
Ti	Ti2+ + 2 e−	⇌	Ti(s)	−1.63	[5]
Zr	Zr4+ + 4 e−	⇌	Zr(s)	−1.45	[7]
Ti	Ti3+ + 3 e−	⇌	Ti(s)	−1.37	[8]
Zn	Zn(OH)2− 4 + 2 e−	⇌	Zn(s) + 4  OH−	−1.199	[7]
Mn	Mn2+ + 2 e−	⇌	Mn(s)	−1.185	[7]
Te	Te(s) + 2 e−	⇌	Te2−	−1.143	[10]
V	V2+ + 2 e−	⇌	V(s)	−1.13	[10]
Nb	Nb3+ + 3 e−	⇌	Nb(s)	−1.099
Sn	Sn(s) + 4  H+ + 4 e−	⇌	SnH 4(g)	−1.07
Ti	TiO2+ + 2  H+ + 4 e−	⇌	Ti(s) + H 2O	−0.93
Si	SiO 2(s) + 4  H+ + 4 e−	⇌	Si(s) + 2 H 2O	−0.91
B	B(OH) 3(aq) + 3  H+ + 3 e−	⇌	B(s) + 3 H 2O	−0.89
Fe	Fe(OH) 2(s) + 2 e−	⇌	Fe(s) + 2  OH−	−0.89	[9]
Fe	Fe 2O 3(s) + 3 H 2O + 2 e−	⇌	2 Fe(OH) 2(s) + 2  OH−	−0.86	[9]
H	2H 2O + 2 e−	⇌	H 2(g) + 2 OH−	−0.8277	[7]
Bi	Bi(s) + 3  H+ + 3 e−	⇌	BiH 3	−0.8	[7]
Zn	Zn2+ + 2 e−	⇌	Zn(s)	−0.7618	[7]
Ta	Ta 2O 5(s) + 10  H+ + 10 e−	⇌	2 Ta(s) + 5 H 2O	−0.75
Cr	Cr3+ + 3 e−	⇌	Cr(s)	−0.74
Ni	Ni(OH) 2(s) + 2 e−	⇌	Ni(s) + 2  OH−	–0.72	[1]
Ag	Ag 2S(s) + 2 e−	⇌	2 Ag(s) + S2− (aq)	−0.69
Au	[Au(CN) 2]− +  e−	⇌	Au(s) + 2 CN−	−0.60
Ta	Ta3+ + 3 e−	⇌	Ta(s)	−0.6
Pb	PbO(s) + H 2O + 2 e−	⇌	Pb(s) + 2  OH−	−0.58
Ti	2 TiO 2(s) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	Ti 2O 3(s) + H 2O	−0.56
Ga	Ga3+ + 3 e−	⇌	Ga(s)	−0.53
U	U4+ +  e−	⇌	U3+	−0.52	[11]
P	H 3PO 2(aq) +  H+ +  e−	⇌	P(white)[note 1] + 2 H 2O	−0.508	[7]
P	H 3PO 3(aq) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	H 3PO 2(aq) + H 2O	−0.499	[7]
Ni	NiO 2(s) + 2 H 2O + 2 e−	⇌	Ni(OH) 2(s) + 2  OH−	–0.49	[1]
P	H 3PO 3(aq) + 3  H+ + 3 e−	⇌	P(red)[note 1] + 3 H 2O	−0.454	[7]
Cu	Cu(CN)− 2 +  e−	⇌	Cu(s) + 2 CN−	–0.44	[10]
Fe	Fe2+ + 2 e−	⇌	Fe(s)	−0.44	[5]
C	2 CO 2(g) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	HOOCCOOH(aq)	−0.43
Cr	Cr3+ +  e−	⇌	Cr2+	−0.42
Cd	Cd2+ + 2 e−	⇌	Cd(s)	−0.40	[5]
Ge	GeO 2(s) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	GeO(s) + H 2O	−0.37
Cu	Cu 2O(s) + H 2O + 2 e−	⇌	2 Cu(s) + 2  OH−	−0.360	[7]
Pb	PbSO 4(s) + 2 e−	⇌	Pb(s) + SO2− 4	−0.3588	[7]
Pb	PbSO 4(s) + 2 e−	⇌	Pb(Hg) + SO2− 4	−0.3505	[7]
Eu	Eu3+ +  e−	⇌	Eu2+	−0.35	[11]
In	In3+ + 3 e−	⇌	In(s)	−0.34	[10]
Tl	Tl+ +  e−	⇌	Tl(s)	−0.34	[10]
Ge	Ge(s) + 4  H+ + 4 e−	⇌	GeH 4(g)	−0.29
Co	Co2+ + 2 e−	⇌	Co(s)	−0.28	[7]
P	H 3PO 4(aq) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	H 3PO 3(aq) + H 2O	−0.276	[7]
V	V3+ +  e−	⇌	V2+	−0.26	[5]
Ni	Ni2+ + 2 e−	⇌	Ni(s)	−0.25
As	As(s) + 3  H+ + 3 e−	⇌	AsH 3(g)	−0.23	[10]
Ag	AgI(s) +  e−	⇌	Ag(s) + I−	−0.15224	[7]
Mo	MoO 2(s) + 4  H+ + 4 e−	⇌	Mo(s) + 2 H 2O	−0.15
Si	Si(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e−	⇌	SiH 4(g)	−0.14
Sn	Sn2+ + 2 e−	⇌	Sn(s)	−0.13
O	O 2(g) +  H+ +  e−	⇌	HO• 2(aq)	−0.13
Pb	Pb2+ + 2 e−	⇌	Pb(s)	−0.126	[5]
W	WO 2(s) + 4  H+ + 4 e−	⇌	W(s) + 2 H 2O	−0.12
P	P(red) + 3  H+ + 3 e−	⇌	PH 3(g)	−0.111	[7]
C	CO 2(g) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	HCOOH(aq)	−0.11
Se	Se(s) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	H 2Se(g)	−0.11
C	CO 2(g) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	CO(g) + H 2O	−0.11
Cu	Cu(NH 3)+ 2 +  e−	⇌	Cu(s) + 2 NH 3(aq)	–0.10	[10]
Sn	SnO(s) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	Sn(s) + H 2O	−0.10
Sn	SnO 2(s) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	SnO(s) + H 2O	−0.09
W	WO 3(aq) + 6  H+ + 6 e−	⇌	W(s) + 3 H 2O	−0.09	[10]
Fe	Fe 3O 4(s) + 8  H+ + 8 e−	⇌	3 Fe(s) + 4 H 2O	−0.085	[12]
P	P(white) + 3  H+ + 3 e−	⇌	PH 3(g)	−0.063	[7]
Fe	Fe3+ + 3 e−	⇌	Fe(s)	−0.04	[9]
C	HCOOH(aq) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	HCHO(aq) + H 2O	−0.03
H	2 H+ + 2 e−	⇌	H 2(g)	0.0000	= 0
Ag	AgBr(s) +  e−	⇌	Ag(s) + Br−	+0.07133	[7]
S	S 4O2− 6 + 2 e−	⇌	2 S 2O2− 3	+0.08
N	N 2(g) + 2 H 2O + 6  H+ + 6 e−	⇌	2 NH 4OH(aq)	+0.092
Hg	HgO(s) + H 2O + 2 e−	⇌	Hg(l) + 2  OH−	+0.0977
Cu	Cu(NH 3)2+ 4 +  e−	⇌	Cu(NH 3)+ 2 + 2 NH 3(aq)	+0.10	[10]
Ru	Ru(NH 3)3+ 6 +  e−	⇌	Ru(NH 3)2+ 6	+0.10	[11]
N	N 2H 4(aq) + 4 H 2O + 2 e−	⇌	2 NH+ 4 + 4  OH−	+0.11	[2]
Mo	H 2MoO 4(aq) + 6  H+ + 6 e−	⇌	Mo(s) + 4 H 2O	+0.11
Ge	Ge4+ + 4 e−	⇌	Ge(s)	+0.12
C	C(s) + 4  H+ + 4 e−	⇌	CH 4(g)	+0.13	[10]
C	HCHO(aq) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	CH 3OH(aq)	+0.13
S	S(s) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	H 2S(g)	+0.14
Sn	Sn4+ + 2 e−	⇌	Sn2+	+0.15
Cu	Cu2+ +  e−	⇌	Cu+	+0.159	[10]
S	HSO− 4 + 3  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	SO 2(aq) + 2 H 2O	+0.16
U	UO2+ 2 +  e−	⇌	UO+ 2	+0.163	[11]
S	SO2− 4 + 4  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	SO 2(aq) + 2 H 2O	+0.17
Ti	TiO2+ + 2  H+ +  e−	⇌	Ti3+ + H 2O	+0.19
Sb	SbO+ + 2  H+ + 3 e−	⇌	Sb(s) + H 2O	+0.20
Fe	3 Fe 2O 3(s) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	2 Fe 3O 4(s) + H 2O	+0.22	[13]:p.100
Ag	AgCl(s) +  e−	⇌	Ag(s) + Cl−	+0.22233	[7]
As	H 3AsO 3(aq) + 3  H+ + 3 e−	⇌	As(s) + 3 H 2O	+0.24
Ge	GeO(s) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	Ge(s) + H 2O	+0.26
U	UO+ 2 + 4  H+ +  e−	⇌	U4+ + 2 H 2O	+0.273	[11]
Re	Re3+ + 3 e−	⇌	Re(s)	+0.300
Bi	Bi3+ + 3 e−	⇌	Bi(s)	+0.308	[7]
Cu	Cu2+ + 2 e−	⇌	Cu(s)	+0.337	[10]
V	[VO]2+ + 2  H+ +  e−	⇌	V3+ + H 2O	+0.34
Fe	[Fe(CN) 6]3− +  e−	⇌	[Fe(CN) 6]4−	+0.3704	[14]
Fe	Fc+ +  e−	⇌	Fc(s)	+0.4	[15]
O	O 2(g) + 2H 2O + 4 e−	⇌	4 OH−(aq)	+0.401	[5]
Mo	H 2MoO 4 + 6  H+ + 3 e−	⇌	Mo3+ + 4 H 2O	+0.43
C	CH 3OH(aq) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	CH 4(g) + H 2O	+0.50
S	SO 2(aq) + 4  H+ + 4 e−	⇌	S(s) + 2 H 2O	+0.50
Cu	Cu+ +  e−	⇌	Cu(s)	+0.520	[10]
C	CO(g) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	C(s) + H 2O	+0.52
I	I− 3	⇌	3 I−	+0.53	[5]
I	I 2(s) + 2 e−	⇌	2 I−	+0.54	[5]
Au	[AuI 4]− + 3 e−	⇌	Au(s) + 4 I−	+0.56
As	H 3AsO 4(aq) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	H 3AsO 3(aq) + H 2O	+0.56
Au	[AuI 2]− +  e−	⇌	Au(s) + 2 I−	+0.58
Mn	MnO− 4 + 2 H 2O + 3 e−	⇌	MnO 2(s) + 4  OH−	+0.595	[1]
S	S 2O2− 3 + 6  H+ + 4 e−	⇌	2 S(s) + 3 H 2O	+0.60
Mo	H 2MoO 4(aq) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	MoO 2(s) + 2 H 2O	+0.65
C	+ 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌		+0.6992	[7]
O	O 2(g) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	H 2O 2(aq)	+0.70
Tl	Tl3+ + 3 e−	⇌	Tl(s)	+0.72
Pt	PtCl2− 6 + 2 e−	⇌	PtCl2− 4 + 2 Cl−	+0.726	[11]
Fe	Fe 2O 3(s) + 6  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	2 Fe2+ + 3 H 2O	+0.728	[13]:p.100
Se	H 2SeO 3(aq) + 4  H+ + 4 e−	⇌	Se(s) + 3 H 2O	+0.74
Pt	PtCl2− 4 + 2 e−	⇌	Pt(s) + 4 Cl−	+0.758	[11]
Fe	Fe3+ +  e−	⇌	Fe2+	+0.77
Ag	Ag+ +  e−	⇌	Ag(s)	+0.7996	[7]
Hg	Hg2+ 2 + 2 e−	⇌	2 Hg(l)	+0.80
N	NO− 3(aq) + 2  H+ +  e−	⇌	NO 2(g) + H 2O	+0.80
Fe	2 FeO2− 4 + 5 H 2O + 6 e−	⇌	Fe 2O 3(s) + 10  OH−	+0.81	[9]
Au	[AuBr 4]− + 3 e−	⇌	Au(s) + 4 Br−	+0.85
Hg	Hg2+ + 2 e−	⇌	Hg(l)	+0.85
Ir	[IrCl 6]2− +  e−	⇌	[IrCl 6]3−	+0.87	[4]
Mn	MnO− 4 +  H+ +  e−	⇌	HMnO− 4	+0.90
Hg	2 Hg2+ + 2 e−	⇌	Hg2+ 2	+0.91	[10]
Pd	Pd2+ + 2 e−	⇌	Pd(s)	+0.915	[11]
Au	[AuCl 4]− + 3 e−	⇌	Au(s) + 4 Cl−	+0.93
Mn	MnO 2(s) + 4  H+ +  e−	⇌	Mn3+ + 2 H 2O	+0.95
N	NO− 3(aq) + 4  H+ + 3 e−	⇌	NO(g) + 2 H 2O(l)	+0.958	[5]
Au	[AuBr 2]− +  e−	⇌	Au(s) + 2 Br−	+0.96
Fe	Fe 3O 4(s) + 8  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	3Fe2+ + 4 H 2O	+0.98	[13]:p.100
Xe	[HXeO 6]3− + 2 H 2O + 2 e−	⇌	[HXeO 4]− + 4  OH−	+0.99	[16]
V	[VO 2]+ (aq) + 2  H+ +  e−	⇌	[VO]2+ (aq) + H 2O	+1.0	[17]
Te	H 6TeO 6(aq) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	TeO 2(s) + 4 H 2O	+1.02	[17]
Br	Br 2(l) + 2 e−	⇌	2 Br−	+1.066	[7]
Br	Br 2(aq) + 2 e−	⇌	2 Br−	+1.0873	[7]
Cu	Cu2+ + 2 CN− +  e−	⇌	Cu(CN)− 2	+1.12	[10]
I	IO− 3 + 5  H+ + 4 e−	⇌	HIO(aq) + 2 H 2O	+1.13
Au	[AuCl 2]− +  e−	⇌	Au(s) + 2 Cl−	+1.15
Se	HSeO− 4 + 3  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	H 2SeO 3(aq) + H 2O	+1.15
Ag	Ag 2O(s) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	2 Ag(s) + H 2O	+1.17
Cl	ClO− 3 + 2  H+ +  e−	⇌	ClO 2(g) + H 2O	+1.18
Xe	[HXeO 6]3− + 5 H 2O + 8 e−	⇌	Xe(g) + 11  OH−	+1.18	[16]
Pt	Pt2+ + 2 e−	⇌	Pt(s)	+1.188	[11]
Cl	ClO 2(g) +  H+ +  e−	⇌	HClO 2(aq)	+1.19
I	2 IO− 3 + 12  H+ + 10 e−	⇌	I 2(s) + 6 H 2O	+1.20
Cl	ClO− 4 + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	ClO− 3 + H 2O	+1.20
Mn	MnO 2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e−	⇌	Mn2+ + 2 H 2O	+1.224	[7]
O	O 2(g) + 4 H+ + 4 e−	⇌	2 H 2O	+1.229	[5]
Ru	[Ru(bipy) 3]3+ +  e−	⇌	[Ru(bipy) 3]2+	+1.24	[1]
Xe	[HXeO 4]− + 3 H 2O + 6 e−	⇌	Xe(g) + 7  OH−	+1.24	[16]
Tl	Tl3+ + 2 e−	⇌	Tl+	+1.25
Cr	Cr 2O2− 7 + 14  H+ + 6 e−	⇌	2 Cr3+ + 7 H 2O	+1.33
Cl	Cl 2(g) + 2 e−	⇌	2 Cl−	+1.36	[5]
Co	CoO 2(s) + 4  H+ +  e−	⇌	Co3+ + 2 H 2O	+1.42
N	2 NH 3OH+ +  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	N 2H+ 5 + 2 H 2O	+1.42	[2]
I	2 HIO(aq) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	I 2(s) + 2 H 2O	+1.44
Br	BrO− 3 + 5  H+ + 4 e−	⇌	HBrO(aq) + 2 H 2O	+1.45
Pb	β-PbO 2(s) + 4  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	Pb2+ + 2 H 2O	+1.460	[10]
Pb	α-PbO 2(s) + 4  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	Pb2+ + 2 H 2O	+1.468	[10]
Br	2 BrO− 3 + 12  H+ + 10 e−	⇌	Br 2(l) + 6 H 2O	+1.48
Cl	2 ClO− 3 + 12  H+ + 10 e−	⇌	Cl 2(g) + 6 H 2O	+1.49
Cl	HClO(aq) +  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	Cl− (aq) + H 2O	+1.49	[1]
Mn	MnO− 4 + 8  H+ + 5 e−	⇌	Mn2+ + 4 H 2O	+1.51
O	HO• 2 +  H+ +  e−	⇌	H 2O 2(aq)	+1.51
Au	Au3+ + 3 e−	⇌	Au(s)	+1.52
Ni	NiO 2(s) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	Ni2+ + 2  OH−	+1.59
Ce	Ce4+ +  e−	⇌	Ce3+	+1.61
Cl	2 HClO(aq) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	Cl 2(g) + 2 H 2O	+1.63
Ag	Ag 2O 3(s) + 6  H+ + 4 e−	⇌	2 Ag+ + 3 H 2O	+1.67
Cl	HClO 2(aq) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	HClO(aq) + H 2O	+1.67
Pb	Pb4+ + 2 e−	⇌	Pb2+	+1.69	[10]
Mn	MnO− 4 + 4  H+ + 3 e−	⇌	MnO 2(s) + 2 H 2O	+1.70
Ag	AgO(s) + 2  H+ +  e−	⇌	Ag+ + H 2O	+1.77
O	H 2O 2(aq) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	2 H 2O	+1.78
Co	Co3+ +  e−	⇌	Co2+	+1.82
Au	Au+ +  e−	⇌	Au(s)	+1.83	[10]
Br	BrO− 4 + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	BrO− 3 + H 2O	+1.85
Ag	Ag2+ +  e−	⇌	Ag+	+1.98	[10]
O	S 2O2− 8 + 2 e−	⇌	2 SO2− 4	+2.010	[7]
O	O 3(g) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	O 2(g) + H 2O	+2.075	[11]
Mn	HMnO− 4 + 3  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	MnO 2(s) + 2 H 2O	+2.09
Xe	XeO 3(aq) + 6  H+ + 6 e−	⇌	Xe(g) + 3 H 2O	+2.12	[16]
Fe	FeO2− 4 + 8  H+ + 3 e−	⇌	Fe3+ + 4 H 2O	+2.20	[18]
Xe	XeF 2(aq) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	Xe(g) + 2 HF(aq)	+2.32	[16]
Xe	H 4XeO 6(aq) + 2  H+ + 2 e−	⇌	XeO 3(aq) + 3 H 2O	+2.42	[16]
F	F 2(g) + 2 e−	⇌	2 F−	+2.87	[4][5][10]